2.3508/31/9317:00:58Copyright (C) 1991 Knowledge Garden Inc.I$P/f}t f fgC@^:jfUnL1Ofyf??f6 p$  plant034  '-   Q Z c  l  @ ~ Of   u  $@  f     H ' V ? 2 M ) jfD n;   z  fq h  _ I  7      2@   4@  f  { % .  '@    d m v   2@   >@  f       [ '  R     3 ! Habit: A low deciduous woody shrub.i *  and 3-6 cm. long.  `  unlobed, finely serrate, without hairs, oblanceolate,  Field Marks: Usually up to 2 m high. Leaves are alternate, simple,G \ J June-August.w S Spiraea alba - Narrow-leaved Meadowsweet - FACW+ n   &      f x   w +jf"F f=4aO4@|Xfsj??  '  & Spiraea alba9f0'@xjfnHoOff?-??f6-~lJ cZ'u_QM@Of2$@)f ;D'Vzqjfnh f %2@d@4@[7fRI{.mv'E32@>@f  !*'<  `ir white flowers.{ pinnately compound leaves and its cymes of smallField Marks: This coarse, deciduous shrub, is distinguished by its opposite,  zOe.n w & WN fx w jf f4"4@O+fFa=?sX?j| ' & BSambucus canadensis f  ]@xTjfonfKOff??fP>,plant032#'G1kt}@Of$@f b'(pYLgCjf^nU: fyc Q 2@6  4@-  f$  { ? H 'Z   ~     2@   >@  f       u '  l v   2 M ; Habit: Tree up to 25 feet tall, with an irregular crown. D  along the margins of the leaves.  Field Marks: This willow is distinguished by the fewer number of teeth:  % @ . Salix interior - Sandbar willow - OBL 7  m & )     f x   r  w    jf    f  !  4@<  f3 N * ?` E ?W i   '{    &    Salix interior \f / e A @\ 8 jfS nJ  /  Of  w f   ?  ?  f  4n "plant031 '+ OXaj@|Ofs$@fF' T=0K'jfBn9x fof]~l2@64@ flowers and fruits in spherical heads.?c'u2 2@>@f  ')  MhVHabit: Shrub or small tree up to 20 feet tall._ the base and white but smooth on the lower surface. broadly elliptic leaves that are usually rounded at [Field Marks: The distinguishing features of the pussy willow are the:RSalix discolor - Northern Pussy Willow - FACW  & D3;* f!x  w NrWjfi` f{4@f?? E'&< &   \Salix discolorm fw@ n@jfnsOf+f"=?O4?jFfaXplant030'|0 @'OfoK$@fBf]T9x'jfn f5>GbP2@Y}4@tf{k,'#p2@U 1>@L(fC:  ^g'y    Habit: Shrub up to 8 feet tall, spreading by stolons.  distinguish this handsome dogwood.H Field Marks: The bright red twigs and the white fruits readily ? Family: Dogwood (Cornaceae)    Cornus stolonifera - Red-Osier Dogwood - FACW    & D ;  f2 x)     w _  h jfz  q  f    4@  f   ?  ?   V ' 7 M  & . /m % Cornus stolonifera vf I   @  jf n   * Of! E  f< W 3 ?i N ? ` f{ r     plant029  '       J  & @A  Of8 /   e $@ \ fw n S    '      jf n "  f4 +OXa|j2@s4@f{F'= 02@o'K>@fBf]T 9 x'   Habit: Shrubs, up to 10 feet tall.ff${QField Marks: Buttonbush is the only shrub that has whorled leaves and HFamily: Madder (Rubiaceae) Cephalanthus occidentalis - Button bush - OBL  & MD f;x2%) w hqjfz f4@f??  _'@V & 7@  v.Cephalanthus occidentalis f~ @jfn3Of*N!fE`<?rW?if{plant028' S/@J&OfA8n$@efw\'jfn+" f=4Xajs2@|4@f{O'F 9'2@x0T>@oKff] B 'UL   Undersides of leaves are whitened or glabrous beneath.G serrate to doubly serrate, and ovate to oval. >Field Marks: Reaching 10 m. in height. Leaves are alternate, simple,lSpring Alnus rugosa americana - American Alder - OBL  C& y fpxgZ ^H  w jf f4@ f $  ?6  ?- ?  'Q u  & l I c Alnus rugosa americana zf M D  @;  jf2 n)   h Of_  V fz  q ?  ?  f   M   plant027  '    . 7 @  I d @ [ Ofv m  R  $@  f     % ' 3   *  jf! n `  W  fN E r < & i       2@   4@  f  {    '  {  A J S n \ 2@ e  >@  f   w back11   8 ' /    Habit: A deciduous shrub or small tree.O coating.|F Undersides of leaves are pale green or have a thin waxys serrate to doubly serrate, and ovate to oval. 9Field Marks: Reaching 10 m. in height. Leaves are alternate, simple, l0 Alnus rugosa - Speckled Alder - OBL  &  H'  '& The leaves are divided 1 1/2 times.) w lujf~ f4@f?? c' DZ & ;~  z2Alnus rugosa   J  #mSpiraea alba#m   #mSambucus canadensis#m7 #mSalix interior#m m. #mSalix discolor#md #mCornus stolonifera#m #mCephalanthus occidentalis#m  #mAlnus rugosa americana#m* #mAlnus rugosa#m  !WO`ir {x& M/\J 0@?/Shrublist&A'SG> wcottontail, and white-tailed deer.particularly important winter habitat for ring-necked pheasant, easternruffed grouse, American woodcock, and small mammals, and may be a Shrub swamps provide high value habitat for many songbirds,  Xfresh meadows, as well as on the alluvial soils of floodplains. Shrub swamps occur on organic soils (peat/muck) as invaders of inland ]vegetation less than 20 feet in height and with a dbh of less than 6 in.T Shrub swamps are wetland plant communities dominated by woody   -- Shrub Swamp --   5& ntekfbYP}@jfnLOff?( ?Cf:1-  gpy@Of $@f{  ^'$ l UZ Q shrubH ? 'c  6   ~ jf n  u z w     Kf   f   )  Of D  f; V 2 ?h M ?_ q j '    f     of .  %  f   o v 'fm m'd   @  jf n i   Of !  f 3  ?E * ?` < fW N     plant080 { '  r     &   @  Of  e  A $@\ 8 fS J / n w  '      jf n     f   +4=XF2@Os4@jf|{a"'xf 2@K'>@Bf90o T]'oD';'   Habit: Perennial herb with slender, creeping, black rhizomes.&76'Scirpus cyperinus - Woolgrass - OBLxZ'Field Marks: This is a deciduous fern that grows in marshy soils. 'Q'Family: Fern (Polypodiaceae)''Fruiting: June-October''Thelypteris thelypteroides - Marsh Fern - FACW+ ' 2'& q'h' f_'xV'I'M'7' w '''jf''' f''''4@''f'''?%' '?'.' ''@'d'z' & ['7  'R'Thelypteris thelypteroides''Scutellaria epilobiifolia f' ''`'<'@W'3'jfN'nE''*''Of{''r'f'''?''?''f''/'i'' 'plant079'''&''''J'S'\''e''@'w'Of'''n''$@''f'''''A'''O'8'+'F'"'jf='n4'|''s' fj'a''X'B''0''''''2@'''4@ ''f''{''''''9'''']'f'o''x'2@'''>@''f''o' ''T''''K''  ',''Habit: A perennial herb with slender creeping rhizomes.t'#' a square stem. The flowers are blue and up to an inch long. 'k' Grows up to 1 m. high. The blades are coarsely toothed. HasC''Field Marks: Leaves are short or stalkless, slightly toothed, and opposite.:' '''Scutellaria galericulata - Hooded Skullcap - OBL ' '& '$ '' ' f 'x ' ' ' ' w ? 'c 'H 'jfZ '~ 'Q ' fu 'l ' ' '4@ ' 'f ' ' '? ' '? ' ' 6 '' ' '- ' &  'm''M ' 'Scutellaria galericulataz '7fq 'h7h ' ' '@ ' 'jf 'n 'm ' ' 'Of '% ' 'f '7 ' '?I '. '?d '@ 'f[ 'R ' ' ' ' 'plant078 ' '' ' 'v ' ' ' ' '* ' ' '@! ' 'Of ' 'i ' 'E '$@` '< 'fW 'N '3 'r '{ ' '' ' ' ' ' ' 'jf 'n ' ' ' ' f ' ' ' ' ' ' '/ '8 'A '\ 'J '2@ 'S 'w '4@ 'n 'f ' '{e ' ' '& '' '|' 'j' ' ' '' '2@O''+'>@F'"'f='4'o' X'a' ''s'6G '-G  '''Habit: Robust perennial herbs with rhizomes.'' woolly at maturity because of the elongated bristles.K'' spikelets are up to 1/4 inch long and become'B'Field Marks: Three or more bracts subtend the inflorescence. The% '''''6GF7bG7l7'c7 fZ7xQ7D7H727 w 777jf777 f77774@77f777? 77?7)7 ~7';7_7u7 & V7 ' '7M7Scirpus cyperinus7 7f777.7 7@%77jf7n777R7OfI7m7@7fd77[7?7v7?77f7777777plant07777'77777!7*7r737N7@i7E7Of`7W77<77$@77f77{7777'777777jf 7n7J77A7 f87/7\7&77S77w777772@7774@77f77{777n7'77e77+747=7X7F72@7O7s7>@7j7f7|7oa7 77"7'7777  777Habit: Perennial herb with short, thick rhizomes.977 the achenes.o707 the bristles in each flower are rarely longer than 7f7 bracts, the stems are not sharply triangular, and#77Field Marks: The flower clusters are subtended by several leaflike% 7R k77t7Scirpus atrovirens - Green Bulrush - OBL }7 7& 7777 f7x7777 w  7177jf(7L77 fC7:7g7U74@7^7fy77p7?77?77 7'777 & 7h77 77Scirpus atrovirensH 77f? 776 7 7 7@ 7 7jf 7n 7; 7~ 7 7Of 7 7 7f 7 7 7? 7 7?2 7 7f) 7 7 7 7q 7_ 7plant076V 7M 7'z 7d 7D 7R 7 7 7 7 7 7 7@ 7 7Of 7 77 7 7 7$@. 7 7f% 7 7 7@ 7I 7 7'[ 7 7 7 7 7v 7jf 7n 7 7m 7 7 f 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7* 7 72@i 7! 7E 74@` 7< 7fW 7N 7{3 7r 7{ 7 7' 7J 7 78 7 7 7 7 7 72@ 7 7 7>@ 7 7f 7 7o 7 & 7/ 7 7'A 7|7 7s7  e 7Bwn 7 7w 7 small flowers in the axils of the leaves 7 7Field Marks: This mint is distinguished by its hairy sepals and its 7w"7=7+7Mentha arvensis - Field Mint - FACW 47 j7& \ 77S 77 f7x777o7 w 777jf777 f777 74@977f07K7'7?]7B7?T7f7 7'x777 & 77Q 777Mentha arvensis7Gf7FONG-OG ' $G& 'uGQG@lGHGjfcGnZGG?GGOfGGGfGGG?GG?GGfGGDG~G2G Gplant075GG';G%GGG_GhGqGGzGG@GGOfGGGGG$@GGfGGGG GVG'GdGMG@G[G7GjfRGnIGG.GG fGvGGmGWGGEGGGGGG2@*GGG4@!GGfGG{G3G<GG'NG GGGrG{GGGG2@GGG>@GGfGGoG GGiG'G9G`G0G  &GAG/GHabit: Perennial herb without tuberous roots.G8G coarsely toothed or deeply pinnate leaves.GwG the genus by its long, sharp-pointed sepals and its+GG The American bugleweed differs from other species in G"GField Marks: Species of Lycopus have axillary clusters of tiny flowers.|G'GGGLycopus americanus - American Bugleweed - OBL G 'G& GfGG]G fTGxKG>GBG,G w GGGjfGGG fGGGG4@GGfGGG?GG?G#G xG'5GYGoG & PG77GGGLycopus americanusGGfGGG(GG@GGjfGn GGGLGOfCGgG:Gf^GyGUG?GpG?GGfGGG1GGGplant074GG'G GG G G G$ Gl G- GH G@c G? GOfZ GQ G G6 G G$@ G~ Gf G Gu G G G G' G G G G G Gjf Gn GD G G; G f2 G) GV G G GM G Gq Gz G G G G2@ G G G4@ G Gf G G{ G G Gh G' G G_ G G% G. G7 GR G@ G2@ GI Gm G>@ Gd Gf Gv Go[ G  G G G' G G G G   G G G G flat fan. 3 G G folded on the midribs so that they form an overlapping G* G clumps from thick, creeping rhizomes. Leaves are G GField Marks: Usually 10-80 cm. high. This iris tends to form large8 G GFamily: Iris (Iridaceae)zO/ Ge GS GIris versicolor - Blue Flag Iris - OBL \ G  G  G&  G G G G f Gx GG GG w  GG GjfG4GG f+G"GOG=G4@jGFGfaG|GXG?GsG?GG  G'GG G & GbGGGGIris versicolor'GOfGOGGoG@GfGjfGnxG6O]GGOfGGGfGGG?GG?NgfOOf$OG~OGlOZOplant073QOHO'uO_O?OMOOOOOOO@OOOfOO2OOO$@)OOf OOO;ODOO'VOOOzOOqOjfOnOOhOO fOOOOOOOOO O%OO2@dOO@O4@[O7OfROIO{.OmOvOO'OEOO3OOOOOO2@OOO>@OOfOOoO !O*OO'<OOOO  `OiOOrO not covered with a white waxy bloom.O{O serrate, and seldom triple-nerved. Stems are usually/OO The lance-shaped leaves are narrowed to the leaf stalk,O&O whorls of 4's and 5's around a purple-spotted stem. OOField Marks: 60-200 cm. high with one to several stems. Leaves are inbOw4OOO=OEupatorium maculatum - Spotted Joe-pyeweed - OBL FO O& WOONOO fOxOOOO w OOOjfOOO fO O9O'O4@TO0OfKOfOBO?xO]O?oOO O'OOO & OG0GOOEupatorium maculatumO OfO OOObO@}OYOjftOnkO OPOOOfOOOfOOO?OO?OOfOOCOO1O#W(OO':O$ OO O^OgOpOOyOO@OOOfOOOOO$@OOfOOO O OUO' Oc OLO? OZ O6 OjfQ OnH O O- O O f~ Ou O Ol OV O OD O O O O O O2@) O O O4@ O Of O O{ O2 O; O O'M O O O Oq Oz O O O O2@ O O O>@ O Of O Oo O  O Oh O' O O_ O O  % O. OI O7 O perigynia broadly lanceolate. W@ O%  OzO O W O  O  O&  O O O O f Ox O O O O w  O* O Ojf! OE O O f< O3 O` ON O4@{ OW Ofr O Oi O? O O? O O  O' O O O &  OO#O O OCarex cristatellaA Ogf8 Og/ O O O@ O Ojf On O4Ow O OOf O O Of O O O?O O?+OOf"OOjO OXO OOFO'aOKO=O9OOOOOOO@OOOfOOOOO$@OOf OOO'O0O|O'BOOsOfOO]OjfxOnoOOTOO fOOOOgO~gOOfongHabit: Perennial grass with rhizomes.ZguofQgHg{lolgugO'gDgO2gggggg2@ggg>@ggfggog  g)gg';gggg  _ghggqg perigynium, and the hairy leaves.gzg and female spikes, the sharply 2-toothed beak of the %ggField Marks: The distinguishing feature of this species are the male% gzOmgOvg g g& VggMgg fgxgggg w gggjfg!gg fgg<g*g4@Wg3gfNgigEg?{g`g?rgg g'ggg & g OJ OggCarex atherodesg gf gv ggg\g@wgSgjfngneggJggOfgggfggg?gg?ggfggOgg=g+gplant072"gg'Fg0gggjgsg|gggg@ggOfggggg$@ggfggg ggag''gogXgKgfgBgjf]gnTgg9gg fgggxgbggPgggggg2@5ggg4@,ggf#gg{g>gGgg'Ygggg}ggggg2@ggg>@ggfggog ggtg' gM gkgD g  1gLg:gHabit: A perennial, clonal sedge.ygCg brown in color.gpg each side of a central fiber, and tend to be reddish gg Basal sheaths disintegrate into two rows of fibers onc g g Leaves and stems are extremly rough on the edges.  gZ gField Marks: 40-100 cm. tall. Mature leaves are slender and green. %  g g gCarex stricta - Hummock Sedge- OBL  g ; g& (gz ggq g fh gx_ gR gV g@ g w  g g gjf g g g f g g g g4@ g gf g g g?. g g?% g7 g  g'I gm g g & d ggg g[ gCarex stricta g{of gNo g3 g g@* g gjf! gn g g gW gOfN gr gE gfi g g` g? g{ g? g gf g g g< g g gplant069 g g' g g g g g& g/ gw g8 gS g@n gJ gOfe g\ g gA g g$@ g gf g g g g g g' g"g g gg gjfgngOg gFg f=g4gag+ggXgg|ggggg2@ggg4@ggfgg{gggsg' ggjgg0g9gBg]gKg2@gTgxg>@gogfggofg gg'g'g%ogo  gggn~ograzing and frost action. The peat/muck and hummocks are composed of 2@cg$~o4@og open panicle.oo leaves not more than 1/3 inch broad and its delicate, oo that have 1-flowered spikelets by its narrow bluishzooField Marks: This distinctive grass differs from all other grasses qo oooCalamagrostis canadensis - Bluejoint Reedgrass - OBL o o& gRogIo f@ox7o*o.oo w moovojfooo foooo4@oofooo?oo?oo do'!oEo[o & <ov g g{o3oCalamagrostis canadensiso ofo oooo@ oojfonooo8oOf/oSo&ofJoeoAo?wo\o?onofooooooplant068oo'oooooooXoo4o@Oo+oOfFo=oo"oso$@ojofo|oaoooo'oooooojfono0oo'o fooBo oo9oo]ofooooxo2@ooo4@oofoo{oooTo'ooKoooo#o>o,o2@}o5oYo>@toPofkobooGoback10 ooo'ou ool o  oooHabit: Perennial Herb. oo -shaped flowers, and milky sap.Uoo opposite leaves, pink or pinkish red hour-glassoLoField Marks: This is the only wetland milkweed with lanceolate ooFamily: Milkweed (Asclepiadaceae)'o6 o$ oAsclepias incarnata - Swamp Milkweed - OBL - o c o& o oo o f ox oz o~ oh o w  o o ojf o o o f o o o o4@2 o of) oD o o?V o; o?M o_ o  o'q o o o &  oNoo o oAsclepias incarnata o o J  o* O o o o #mThelypteris thelypteroides#mR o o #mScutellaria galericulata#m oI o #mScirpus cyperinus#m  o o #mScirpus atrovirens#m o o #mMentha arvensis#m ! o o #mLycopus americanus#mN o o #mIris versicolor#m  oE o #mEupatorium maculatum#m o{ o #mCarex stricta#m  o o #mCarex cristatella#m o o #mCarex atherodes#m J o o #mCalamagrostis canadensis#m oA o #mAsclepias incarnata#m  w o oO o o o  ox o&  o oo ooo4o=oFoaoOo6@soXo?ojoSedgelist|oo+o'o`"oW oowoody vegetation.oofires stimulate spring growth of the sedges while setting back invading]ooshallow marshes, calcareous fens, low prairies, and bogs. Occasional oToundecayed fibrous roots and rhizomes. Sedge meadows often grade into oo~fcoO6oespecially the hummock sedge, form hummocks that may be accentuated by - Soils are usually composed of peat or muck. Some sedges,  competition with the sedges.species are diverse but scattered, and may flower poorly under intense qbluejoint grass, and true rushes (Juncus), may also be present. The forbhand Cyperus (nutgrasses). Grasses (Gramineae), especially Canada also present are those of Eleocharis (Spike rushes), Scirpus (bulrushes),vsaturated soils. Most of the sedges present are in the genus Carex, but m Sedge meadows are dominated by the sedges (Cyperaceae) growing on 3! -- Sedge Meadows -- * N& o oo @@?Sedge'   J8often used for pasture or cut for "marsh hay."Aand winter food source for songbirds. Finally, inland fresh meadows areharrier. The composites found in these meadows are an important fall 4of small mammals supports mink, fox, and raptors such as the northern +snipe, sedge wren, small mammals, and white-tailed deer. The abundance|many species, including sandhill crane, ring-necked pheasant, common 0stormwater and floodwater retention. Wildlife habitat is provided for 'assimilation of nutrients. Inland fresh meadows are also important forquality functions. These involve the trapping of sediments and 5 Inland fresh meadows are particularly important for their water ,during most of the growing season, they are often called "dry marshes."more than one or two weeks. Because these wetlands lack standing water Lspecies, but they suffer if inundation during the growing season lasts forCfresh meadows can tolerate inundation to a greater degree than most woody scattered, small individuals. The forbs, grasses, and sedges of inland Z aquatics of marshes, and invading shrubs or trees, which are present as  Q communities, such as the annuals of seasonally flooded basins, emergent  occurring in inland fresh meadows include species found in other _  indicating permanent saturation and anaerobic conditions. Plants  V aquatic communities and uplands. Peat/muck soils are frequently present,  snowmelt. Inland fresh meadows often form a transition zone between [  dominant, and standing water is usually only present during floods and  R and sedge mixtures growing on saturated soils. Woody plants are not   (nearly 100 percent vegetative cover) composed of perennial forb, grass `   Inland fresh meadows are essentially closed wetland communities  W    -- Meadows in General --    & // && f  A   8 \ @w S jfn ne J  Of   f   ?  ?  f   "+4|=X@sOOfjaF$@f{'' sedge'fB]9jfTnKc0Qw  Kffh Of?-??$?6Hjx'Zof~uiV lQ f fMfD;@jfn@Off ??7f.%vdplant116[R'iIW@Of<$@3f*!EN'`{jfnr f /2@n&J4@eAf\S{8w'O=2@">@f +4'F  jBws| leaves and its candelabra-like spikes of pink flowers.Field Marks: This species is easily identified by its whorls of toothed4 9TBVeronicastrum virginicum - Culver's root - FAC K & aX fx w jf# f>,4@Y5fPkG?}b?t ' & VVeronicastrum virginicumf g@^jfynp UOff?? f Z H 6 plant115- $ 'Q ;  ) u ~     @  Of     $@  f     l '2 z c V q M jfh n_  D   f    m  [      2@@   4@7  f. % { I R  'd !        2@   >@  f       ' w v n   < W E Habit: Perennial herb with slender rhizomes and white tubers. N  leaves and stems.  Field Marks: This species of Stachys is distinguished by its hairy   8 & Stachys palustris - Woundwort - OBL /  e & 3  *   f x | j w    jf    f  4@4f+F"?X=?Oa  's  & (Stachys palustrisffB@]9jfTnK0Ofxf??fQo-plant114$'H2 lu~@Of$@fc')qZMhDjf_nV; fzdR2@74@. f%{@I'[2@>@f v'm  3N<Habit: Coarse perennial herb with rhizomes.E crowded into 2 rows on one side on the branchlets.{Field Marks: This rhizome-bearing grass has flat, 1-flowered spikelets &A/Spartina pectinata - Prairie Cordgrass - FACW+ 8 w& *! fx| w jf f+4@F"f=X4?jO?as ' & Spartina pectinata  f xT@oKjffn]BOff??fG5#plant113'>(bkt}@Of$@f Y'gPC^:jfUnL1 fypZ H 2@-  4@$  f  {6 ? 'Q   u ~    2@   >@  f      l ' { c r   ) 2 M ;  with glands. Leaves are persistent up to flowering time. D  sickle-shaped, folded, triple-nerved, and not dotted    developed and usually persistent. Leaves are[   dissimilar, the lower or basal leaves being better  R Field Marks: 40-100 cm. high. Leaves of the lower and upper stem are b   September-November3  Solidago riddellii - Riddell's Goldenrod - OBL *  i &      f x   n  w    jf    f    4@8  f/ J & ?\ A ?S e   'w    &    Solidago riddellii jf = jF@a=jfXnO4Of|f??f9s'plant129 '06$T]fo@Ofx$@fK'-uBQlHjfcnZ? f~hV2@;4@2f) {DM'_ 2@>@f z'q   7R@Habit: Perennial herb with long, slender rhizomes. I terminal racemes. veins. The flowers are formed along one side of! toothed, lanceolate leaves that have 3 principal{Field Marks: This tall goldenrod has glabrous stems with br'Solidago gigantea - Late Goldenrod - FACW  & .A%8 f/x& w \ejfwn f4@f?? S'4J & + j"Solidago gigantea fn @jfn'OfBf9T0?fK?]fxo plant112'G#@>Of5,b$@}YftkP'jfn f 1(LU^yg2@p4@f{C' :    -  2@l $ H >@c ? fZ Q 6  u ~ ' E <      Habit: A coarse perennial herb.   or southwest.2   stems. Leaves are often oriented edgewise to the south )  heart-shaped to oblong, and supported by long leaf    essentially basal, rough, sharply toothed, @   reduced stem leaves. The huge principal leaves are  7 Field Marks: .5-3 m. high. The essentially hairless stems support b     Silphium terebinthinaceum - Prairie Dock - FACW   3 &  r  i  f` xW J N 8  w    jf    f    4@  f   ?&  ? /   'A e {  & \ = S Silphium terebinthinaceum f  4@+jf"n XOfOsFfja?|?f=plant111''0x9T@oKOff]B$@f'? $6jf-n$lc fZQ~H2u 2@4@f{')MV_zh2@q>@f D';   Habit: A perennial aromatic herb.I cymes that terminate the stems and branches.@ contains four or more flowers in dense, button-like average less than 6 mm. wide. The inflorescenceN shaped leaves are entire, smooth above, and usuallyE stems are hairy along the angles. The lance-linearField Marks: 20-40 cm. high with square stems and opposite leaves. The &WSn\Pycnanthemum virginianum - Virginia Mountain-Mint - FACW+ e &  fx w +jf"F f=4aO4@|Xfsj?? ' & n  Pycnanthemum virginianumBf9 0@jfn5xOff??,f#}kYplant110PG't^>L@Of1 $@(f:C'Uypjfng f ~   $  2@c  ? 4@Z 6 fQ H {- l u ' D 2      2@   >@  f     )  ';      _ z h Habit: Herbaceous perennial. q  flowers are bright reddish purple.   stem and sepals no more than 1/3 inch long. TheI   or more pairs of narrow, pointed leaves on a smooth @  the stem. In addition, this is the only Phlox with 12  Field Marks: All species of Phlox have opposite, toothless leaves onN  Family: Phlox (Polemoniaceae)E  r Phlox glaberrima - Smooth Phlox - FACW {   & V  M   f x     w  /  jf& J   fA 8 e S 4@ \ fw  n ?  ?    '    &  K Phlox glaberrima=sf4F+@|jfn0sOff? ?'fxfTplant109KB'ou9c@OfH-$@?f6-QZ'ljfn~ f ;)2@z2V4@qMfh_{D'[I2@. >@%f 7@'R  vHabit: Perennial herb with scaly, creeping rhizomes. be 1 inch broad. scales, rather than 2 empty scales. The leaves may`Field Marks: This grass has spikelets with 1 flower and 3 or 4 emptyWApril-AugustPhalaris arundinacea - Reed Canarygrass - FACW+   & mJdA f8x/"& w enjfw f4@f?? \'=S & 4 Fs+Phalaris arundinacea f  @jfn0Of'KfB]9?oT?ffx'>@5Of,#}Y$@tPfkbG'jfn  f(CLUp^2@g4@f{y:' 1~   $  2@c  ? >@Z 6 fQ H -  l u '        Habit: Perenial herb from fibrous roots.   cleft about halfway down the cup.D  Field Marks: This Lobelia differs by its inch long blue flowers and its sepals;       &      f x     w  .  jf% I   f@ 7 d R 4@ [ fv  m ?  ?    '    &  F  Lobelia siphilitica.E f< 3   @  jf n 8 {  Of   f   ?  ?/  f&    n \ plant108S J 'w aA O      @  Of  4 $@+f" =F 'X |sjfnj f '2@fB4@]9fTK{0ox'uc2@H>@Juncus interior - Inland Rush - FAC+ QZ'l  q  bent back or spreading. subtending the flowers taper to a long point and areM reduced upwards on the stem. The modified leavesD essentially linear leaves. The leaves are graduallyField Marks: 60-150 cm. high. The stems are hairy with numerous,bwIdRLiatris pycnostachya - Cattail Gayfeather - FAC- [ & ~ fx w jf3 f*!N<4@iEf`{W?r? ' &  N Liatris pycnostachya/ f& w@njfn"eOff??fjXFplant107=4'aK+9@Of$@f '0|'Bsf]jfxnoT f}k2@P,4@G#f>5{Yb't12@>@f  '(~ u   LBwUp^ diameter, has the largest heads of any rush.gField Marks: Torrey rush, with spherical head up to 1/2 inch in Family: Rush (Juncaceae) ' ? - Juncus torreyi - Torrey Rush - FACW 6  l & C :  f x   q  w    jf    f    4@;  f2 M ) ?_ D ?V h   'z    &  8  Juncus torreyi f q d @ @[ 7 jfR nI  .  Of  v f   ?  ?  f  3 m !  plant106  '*    N W `  i  @ { Of   r  $@  f     E ' S < / J & jfA n8   w  fn e  \ F 4     2@  4@ f { "+ '= ajs|2@>@f X'HO?  .9' rounded auricles. The achenes are usually pale brown.0Field Marks: Inland rush has flat leaves and leaf sheaths with short, f$  6&  ul fcxZMQ; w jf f4@f?)? 2 'Dh~ & _  VJuncus interiorfg. @%jfnROfIm@fd[?v?f7plant105'!*r3N@iEOf`W<$@f{'jf nJA f8/\&Sw2@4@f{n'e+4=XF2@Os>@jf|a "'>5  Habit: Perennial herb with extensive rhizomes.9 usually at least 20 leaves per stem.0Field Marks: This sunflower usually has several leaves alternate andb'Helianthus grosseserratus - Sawtooth Sunflower - FACW-  ,& kb fYxPCG1 w jf f4@f ??( }':^t & UqLHelianthus grosseserratus]f0-  @$  jf n  Q OfH l ? fc ~ Z ? u ?  f   6   plant104  '      ) q 2 M @h D Of_ V  ;  $@  f  z    '      jf n I  @  f7 . [ %  R  v     2@   4@  f  {   m '  d  * 3 < W E 2@ N r >@ i f { `    ! '           centers and its lanceolate to elliptic leaves.\  Field Marks: This sneezeweed differs by its flower heads with yellowbS ;    Helenium autumnale - Common Sneezeweed - FACW+    &  4 + f"x  w OsXjfja f|4@f?? F''= & g]Helenium autumnaleTf'x@jfn$6Of-Q$fHc??uZ?lf~plant103'V2@M)OfD; q$@hfz_'jfn.% f@ 7[dmv2@4@f{R'I!<*2@{3W>@rNfi`E '  Habit: Perennial herb, sometimes with rhizomes. (clasping) leaves. \Field Marks: This is the only Eupatorium with strongly connatebSEupatorium perfoliatum - Boneset - FACW+  & +" fx w FjOjfaX f|s4@f?? ='4 & 0T Eupatorium perfoliatumA fx o@jfntOf,f#>?P5?kGfbYplant102'}1 @(OfpL$@gCf^U:y'jfn   f    6 ? H c Q 2@ Z ~ 4@ u f  {l   - '  $ q      2@V  2 >@M ) fD ;   _ h  'z         Habit: Perennial herb with stout rootstocks.   distinguish this species.7  Field Marks: The stems, which are flattened just beneath the spikelets,% . zO   Eleocharis compressa - Flat-stemmed Spikerush - FACW    &      f x     w 3 W < jfN r E  fi `  { 4@  f   ?  ?   * '  !  &  'A  Eleocharis compressan fe \   @  jf n a  Of  f+?="?X4fOF plant101|s'jx@Of ]9$@T0fKB'fo'jfn fK?HQlZ2@c4@~f{u6'-z 2@_;>@V2fMD) hq'  Habit: Coarse perennial with a tuber-like base. its smooth fruits.@ 1/2 inch broad, its large umbels of white flowers, and7 by its compound leaves divided into leaflets more thanField Marks: This tall perennial differs from all other similar species  NiWCicuta maculata - Spotted Waterhemlock - OBL ` &  fx w jf8  f/&SA4@nJfe\?w? ' &  w Cicuta maculata+ f"W s@jjfn|aOff??f fTBplant10090']G'5@Of$@f#,x'>ob}YjftnkP fyg 2@L(4@Cf:1{U^'p-  2@ >@f   '$ . %   H c Q Habit: Perennial herb with long rhizomes. Z  clusters.   by its flower heads that are not arranged in 1-sided)   white-rayed species by its nearly smooth leaves and   Field Marks: This usually white-rayed aster differs from otherbz    Aster simplex - Swamp Aster (Whitefield Aster)- FACW    & ? [ 6 R  fI x@ 3 7 !  w v   jf    f    4@  f   ?  ?   m '* N d  & E 4 < Aster simplex nf A   @  jf n   8 Of/ S & fJ e A ?w \ ? n f      plant099  '   X4@O+OfF="s$@jf|a ' jfn0' fB 9]fox2@4@f{T'Habit: Perennial herbs.6?HcQ2@Z~>@ufl $'  Habit: A clonal perennial herb. ;) glands.h2 inflorescence is hairy or smooth, but does not have_ reddish with coarse, stiff, white hairs. The bases and are not conspicuously crowded. Stems arevField Marks: 40-150 cm. high. Stem leaves are lobed-clasping at theirbmAster puniceus - Redstem Aster - OBL  & E< f3x*!  w `ijf{r f4@f?? W'8N & /W  n&Aster puniceus fm @jfn"Of=f4O+?aF?|Xfsjplant098'B@9Of0' ]$@xTfofK'jfn f,#GPYtb2@k4@f{}>'5 (2@gC>@^:fUL1 py'D ;   Habit: Perennial herbs with short, thick rhizomes.  on the stem.?   rays per flowerhead, and its toothless clasping leaves 6 Field Marks: This aster is distinguished by its 40-80 violet-purpleb    Aster novae-angliae - New England Aster - FACW   2 & q h  f_ xV I M 7  w    jf    f    4@  f   ?%  ? .   '@ d z  & [ A R Aster novae-angliae f  3  @*  jf! n   W OfN r E fi  ` ? { ?  f   <   plant097  '     & / w 8 S @n J Ofe \  A  $@  f      ' "   jfnO F f=4a+X|2@4@f{s' j09B]K2@Tx>@off ''  $6 slender fruits.l- opposite leaves, small white flowers, and pairs ofcField Marks: This common species is distinguished by its milky sap,Family: Dogbane (Apocynaceae) M;Apocynum cannabinum - Indianhemp Dogbane - FAC D &  fx w jf f 7%4@R.fId@?v[?m ' & m  Apocynum cannabinum fm `@{Wjfrni NOff??fSA/plant096&'J4"nw@Of$@fe'+s\OjFjfanX= f|fT2@94@0 f'{BK']2@>@f x'D o;   5P>Habit: A perennial sod-forming grass.G sheaths into the spring.} the fall, and some color persists inside the stem leaf and stems turn bright yellow, red, orange, or purple in spikelets and staminate, stalked spikelets. The leavesy with two types of spikelets: perfect, stalkless?  The inflorescence contains 2-10 finger-like racemes 6 Field Marks: 1-3m high with stout stems. Leaf blades are 5-10 mm. wide.     Andropogon gerardii - Big Bluestem - FAC-   2 & ,q #h  f_ xV I M 7  w    jf    f    4@  f   ?%  ? .   '@ d z  & [ ! R Andropogon gerardii `f 3 3  @*  jf! n   W OfN r E fi  ` ? { ?  f   <   plant095  '     & / w 8 S @n J Ofe \  A  $@  f      ' "   jfnO F f=4a+X|2@4@f{s' j09B]K2@Tx>@offback9 ''    Habit: Perennial grass with extensive slender rhizomes.l at least 1/8 inch broad and its slender rhizomes.c This species is further distinguished by its leaves  1-flowered spikelets borne on thread-like branches. zField Marks: Species of Agrostis are distinguished by their q Agrostis alba - Redtop - FACW  & 7. f%x w Rv[jfmd f4@f?? I'*@ & !m  `Agrostis alba    #mVeronicastrum virginicum#m  #mStachys palustris#m A #mSpartina pectinata#mn8 #mSolidago riddellii#m e #mSolidago gigantea#m #mSilphium terebinthinaceum#m  #mPycnanthemum virginianum#m= #mPhlox glaberrima#m s4 #mPhalaris arundinacea#mj #mLobelia siphilitica.#m  #mLiatris pycnostachya#m #mJuncus torreyi#m 9 #mJuncus interior#mf0 #mHelianthus grosseserratus#m ] #mHelenium autumnale#m #mEupatorium perfoliatum#m  #mEleocharis compressa#m, #mCicuta maculata#m b# #mAster simplex#mY #mAster puniceus#m } #mAster novae-angliae#m #mApocynum cannabinum#m  #mAndropogon gerardii#mL #mAgrostis alba#m  CyO x& {3Q r~ l    -  1@? $ ?Q 6 PrairielistH c 'u 8 /    swales north of the tension zone.  although a few low prairie species may be found in sandy barrens and wet2  Low prairie communities only occur south of the vegetation tension zone, ) England aster, culver's root, prairie dock, and sawtooth sunflower.   the prairies, such as prairie cord-grass, big bluestem, gayfeather, New7  meadows, but are dominated by native grasses and forbs associated with  . both wet and wet-mesic prairies. These communities are similar to wet   the vegetative cover is made up of true grasses. Low prairies include E  growing plants dominated by native grass-like species; at least half of <  Prairies are open, herbaceous plant communities covered by low      -- Wet Prairie --   & &  e  \ fS J w A  n  @  jf n =  Of   f  ? ?4f+"  Xajs@Of|$@f{O']FKBwet90'T'xojfnfw  Kff4@6Of-Q$fHc??uZ?l~j'f iwf;2 f)  ofzq@jfnvOf .f%@?R7?mIfd[plant094'3@*Of!rN$@iEf`W<{'jfn  f8AJeS2@\4@wf{n/'&s2@X4>@O+fF= o" aj'|tk  Habit: An aquatic, free-floating herb. 6-20 cm. high, with 6-20 flowers.9 scattered throughout. The leafless stems are emergent,0Field Marks: Leaves are numerous and highly dissected, with bladdersFamily: Bladderwort (Lentibulariaceae) ,Utricularia vulgaris - Common Bladderwort - OBL # b&  fxy}g w jf f4@1 f(C?U:?L^ 'p & DUtricularia vulgarisfc ? @Z 6 jfQ nH  -  Of~  u f   ?  ?  f  2 l   plant093  ')    M V _  h  @ z Of   q  $@  f     D ' R ; . I % jf@ n7   v  fm d  [ E  3      2@   4@  f  { ! *  '<    ` i r  { 2@   >@  f   o    W ' ]N T   /  Habit: A typically erect perennial.e &  white petals. \  borne on the naked stem with 3 green sepals, and 3   varying water depths. Flowers are in whorls of 2-15O  great variability in width, which may be a response toFField Marks: 1-12 dm. high. The generally arrowhead-shaped leaves have O Sagittaria latifolia - Broad-leaved Arrowhead - OBL   K&    fxxo~fl w jf f/.6f-H$?Z??Qc 'u &  Sagittaria latifoliafhD@_;jfVnM2Ofzf??f7q%plant092 '.R[dm@Ofv$@fI'W@3N*jfEn<!{ fri`J82@4@f {&/'Aenw2@>@f o \'S  4"Habit: An aquatic herb.X+ are 3-parted.O segments 1-2 mm. wide. The emergent leaves, if present submerged leaves are flattened and dissected into many T and elongate. Leaves are highly variable. TheKField Marks: Either floating or submerged, The stem is hollow, smooth,Family: Buttercup (Ranunculaceae) >,Ranunculus flabellaris - Yellow Water Buttercup (Crowfoot)- OBL 5 &  fx w jf f :(4@U1fLgC?y^?p ' & Ranunculus flabellaris /f /  c @~ Z jfu nl  Q  Of   f   ?  ?  f  V  D 2 plant091)  'M 7  % q z     @  Of     $@  f     h '. v _ R m I jfd n[  @   f    i  W      2@<   4@3  f* ! { E N  '`         2@   >@  f   o    { ' Kr B  8  oA \ J  tips. S  submerged and very narrow, tapering to sharply pointed   spreading in a fan-like fashion. The leaves are allF  many-branched stems and numerous thread-like leaves=Field Marks: This pondweed has a bushy appearance because of itsa/ Potamogeton pectinatus - Sago Pondweed - OBL  9& / x& o ffx]l/TZ/ w jf f4@$/.76/ f6/?H/-/??/Q/ 'c// & ~/$ /u/Potamogeton pectinatus/:/f/ //V/2/@M/)/jfD/n;// /z/Ofq//h/f///?//?//f//%/_///plant090//'////@/I/R//[/v/@/m/Of///d//$@//f/////7/'/E/./!/<//jf3/n*/r//i/ f`/W//N/8/{/&//////2@ ///4@//f//{////'/////S/\/e//n/2@/w//>@//f// o/ //J/'//A//  / o/+// narrow. The larger leaves have 21-35 nerves. /"/ wide and 3.7-9 long. Submerged leaves are long and /|/ somewhat heart-shaped at the base, and are 2-4.7 cm.9//Field Marks: The blades of the floating leaves are heart-shaped to a/0/w///Potamogeton natans - Floatingleaf Pondweed - OBL / /& //// f/x//// w ,/P/5/jfG/k/>/ fb/Y//t/4@/}/f///?//?// #/'/// & ///://Potamogeton natansg/Z7f^/-7U///@//jf/n/Z ///Of/ //f /$ / /?6 / /?Q /- /fH /? / // /~ /plant089u /l /' / /c /q / / / / / / /@ / /Of / /V / /2 /$@M /) /fD /; / /_ /h / /'z / / / / / /jf /n / / / / f / / / / / / / /% /. /I /7 /2@ /@ /d /4@ /[ /fv /m /{R / / / /' /i / /W / / / / / /2@< / / />@3 / /f* /! / o / E /N / /'` // //   / o / / / shorter than the blades. / / leaves have blades 1.7-3 cm. wide with petioles that areJ / / a pointed tip that can be up to 4 mm. long. Floating /A / long. The submerged leaves are .8-3.2 cm. wide and have/ /Field Marks: Submerged leaves are sessile or on petioles not over 2 cm.a/ /Family: Pondweed (Potamogetonaceae) X///Potamogeton illinoensis - Illinois Pondweed - OBL / /& { //r / / f/x//// w 0/T/9/jfK/o/B/ ff/]//x/4@//f///?//?// '/'/$7/6ON7f7& / /p/Z7/Potamogeton illinoensis7C7f~77u777@77jf7n7z777Of7277f)7D7 7?V7;7?q7M7fh7_77777plant08877'77777777777@.7 7Of%77v77R7$@m7I7fd7[7@7777'777777jf7n7777 f77!77777<7E7N7i7W72@7`774@7{7f77{r77737'77*7w77777 72@\7787>@S7/7fJ7A7 o&7 e7n77'7777 77 tuber-like branches.77Habit: An aquatic perennial herb with a thick rhizome that has many477 Leaves can be as much as 4 dm. wide.|7+7 semi-circular shape, narrow notch and palmate venation.7s7 slightly elevated above it. The leaves have a977Field Marks: Leaves float on the water surface or, in shallow places, are O07 777Nymphaea odorata - White Water-Lily - OBL 777#e & 7777 f7x7777 w 57Y7>7jfP7t7G7 fk7b77}74@77f777?77?77 ,7'7 7#7 & 7-77C77Nymphaea odoratag7Of^7OU777@77jf7n7Z 777Of7 77f 7$ 7 7?6 7 7?Q 7- 7fH 7? 7 77 7~ 7plant087u 7l 7' 7 7c 7q 7 7 7 7 7 7 7@ 7 7Of 7 7V 7 72 7$@M 7) 7fD 7; 7 7_ 7h 7 7'z 7 7 7 7 7 7jf 7n 7 7 7 7 f 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7% 7. 7I 77 72@ 7@ 7d 74@ 7[ 7fv 7m 7{R 7 7 7 7' 7i 7 7W 7 7 7 7 7 72@< 7 7 7>@3 7 7f* 7! 7 o 7 E 7N 7 7'` 7B7 797  7 7 circular scars of flower stalks. 7 7 spongy with semi-circular to triangular scars of petioles and/ 7 7Habit: An aquatic perennial herb with rhizomes which are very thick and 7& 7 cm. wide. Flowers are yellow and 3.5-5 cm. thick.  7 7 submerged. Floating leaves are 7-35 cm. long and 5-25F7 7 notch. The leaves can be floating, emerged, or7=7Field Marks: Leaves are elliptical with pinnate venation and a deepO7 777Nuphar variegata - Yellow water-lily - OBL 7 07& { 7o7r 7f7 f]7xT7OK7uO w 777jf777 f77774@77NWVO(OO$WOQO7?cOHO?ZOlO 7'~OOx7 & O7p7OONuphar variegataOUOfO(OOhODO@_O;OjfVOnMOO2OOOfOOzOfOOO?OO?OOfOO7OqO%OOplant086 OO'.OOOORO[OdOOmOO@OOOfOOOvOO$@OOfOOOOOIO'OWO@O3ONO*OjfEOn<OO!O{O frOiOO`OJOO8OOOOOO2@OOO4@OOf OO{O&O/OO'AOOOOeOnOwOOO2@OOO>@OOfOO oO OO\O'OOSOO  O o"O=O+O cupped or depressed.|O4O and semi-circular. The centers of emerged leaves are OsO be floating. The leaves are unnotched, bluish-green9OOField Marks: Leaves are very large and are normally emerged, but canO0OFamily: Water-Lily (Nymphaeaceae)wOOONelumbo lutea- American Lotus - OBL O O& O,OO#O fOxOOOO w GOkOPOjfbOOYO f}OtOOO4@OOfOOO?OO?OO >O'OO5O & OOOUO ONelumbo luteayO$WfpOOgOOO@OOjfOnOl OO OOf O$ OOf O6 O O?H O- O?c O? OfZ OQ O OO O Oplant085 O~ O' O Ou O O O O O) O O O@ O OOf O Oh O OD O$@_ O; OfV OM O2 Oq Oz O O' O O O O O Ojf On O O O O f O O O O O O O. O7 O@ O[ OI O2@ OR Ov O4@ Om Of O O{d O O O% O' O{ O Oi O O O O O O2@N O O* O>@E O! Of< O3 O o O W O` O O'r OO OO   O O OHabit: A perennial aquatic. O O stems mostly rooting freely ar the lower nodes.8 O O reduced to bracts. Has slender, sparingly branched O/ O pinnately dissected into filiform segments, the upper often O OField Marks: Leaves are whorled or alternate, variable, the lower usually OO OFamily: Water-Milfoil (Haloragaceae)wFOO|OMyriophyllum verticillatum - Water-Milfoil - OBL O O&  OO OO fOxOOOO w OBO'Ojf9O]O0O fTOKOxOfO4@OoOfOOO?OO?OO O'OO O & OVonW-oWMyriophyllum verticillatumZW:WfQW WHWWW@WWjfWnWMWWWOfWWWfWWW?)WW?DW Wf;W2WWWWqWplant084hW_W'WvWVWdWWWW WWW@WWOfWWIWW%W$@@WWf7W.WWRW[WW'mWWWWWWjfWnWWWW fWWWWWWWWW!W<W*W2@{W3WWW4@rWNWfiW`W{EWWWW'W\WWJWWWWWW2@/WW W>@&WWfWW oW 8WAWW'SWWWW  wWWWHabit: Free-floating, surface-water aquatic plant. WW or on its upper surface.WW flowers occur in small pouches on the edge of the frondjWW below. Each frond has a single root. MicroscopicWaW with 3 nerves. Frond surfaces are green above andWWField Marks: This duckweed has flattened fronds between 2-5 mm. longoWWFamily: Duckweed (Lemnaceae) fWWWLemna minor - Lesser Duckweed - OBL W W& nWWeWW fWxWWWW w ,WPW5WjfGWkW>W fbWYWWtW4@W}WfWWW?WW?WW #W'WWW & WOcW:WWLemna minor^WWfUWTWLWWW@WWjfWnWQ WWWOfW WWf W WW?- W W?H W$ Wf? W6 W WW Wu Wplant083l Wc W' Wz WZ Wh W W W W W W W@ W WOf W WM W W) W$@D W Wf; W2 W WV W_ W W'q W W W W W Wjf Wn W W W W f W W W W W W W W W% W@ W. W2@ W7 W[ W4@v WR Wfm Wd W{I W W W W' W` W WN W W W W W W2@3 W W W>@* W Wf! W W o W < WE W W'W W+W W"W  { W W WHabit: A submerged perennial herb. W W long as wide. W W Leaves are generally 1.5-4 mm. wide, and 2-5 times asS W WField Marks: Leaves whorled in 3's on a slender, branching stem.  WJ WFamily: Frog's-Bit (Hydrocharitaceae)w W W WElodea canadensis - Broad Water-weed (Elodea)- OBL  W W& r WXWi WOW fFWx=W0W4WW w sWW|WjfWWW fWWWW4@WWfWWW? WW?WW jW''WKWaW & BW WgWW9WElodea canadensisW}ofWPoW6oW@nwvo$wojf$onWoWZoOfQouoHoflooco?o~o?oofooo?oooplant082oo'oooo o)o2ozo;oVo@qoMoOfho_ooDoo$@oofoooooo'o%ooooojfon oRooIo f@o7odo.oo[ooooooo2@ooo4@oofoo{ooovo'oomoo3o<oEo`oNo2@oWo{o>@orofoo oio oo*o'o'o!oo  oooHabit: A submerged herb.&oo crowded toward the tip, thus the "coontail" appearance.oo modified leaves. The leaves are usually much moreoo side. Lacks true roots, but may be anchored by=ooField Marks: The leaves have thread-like divisions with teeth along oneo4oFamily: Hornwort (Ceratophyllaceae)woooCeratophyllum demersum - Common Hornwort (Coontail) - OBL o o& oTooKo fBox9o,o0oo w oooxojfooo foooo4@oofooo?oo?oo fo'#oGo]o & >oTWW}o5oCeratophyllum demersumoxofoKoooo@ oojfonooo:oOf1oUo(ofLogoCo?yo^o?opofooooooplant081oo'o oo o o o oZ o o6 o@Q o- oOfH o? o o$ ou o$@ ol of o~ oc o o oo' o oo o o ojf on o2 o o) o f o oD o o o; o o_ oh oq o oz o2@ o o o4@ o of o o{ o o oV o' o oM o o o o% o@ o. o2@ o7 o[ o>@v oR ofm od o oI oback8  o o o' o"o oo   o o oHabit: An aquatic perennial herb. o o water.E o o elliptical, scattered on a stem that trails through the o< o are 1 dm. or less in diameter and more or less o o that are attached at the middle of the blade. Leaves\ o oField Marks: The leaves are floating, lack a notch and have petioles oS oFamily: Water-lily (Nymphaeaceae)  o o oBrasenia schreberi - Water Shield - OBL  o o&  oOo oFo f=ox4o'o+oo w joosojfoo|o foooo4@oofooo?oo?o o ao'oBoXo & 9oPooxo0oBrasenia schreberiww  omoRo* Oooo #mUtricularia vulgaris#mvww #mSagittaria latifolia#m Zwo #mRanunculus flabellaris#mwQw #mPotamogeton pectinatus#m w~w #mPotamogeton natans#mww #mPotamogeton illinoensis#m  ww #mNymphaea odorata#mMww #mNuphar variegata#m wDw #mNelumbo lutea#mwzw #mMyriophyllum verticillatum#m ww #mLemna minor#mww #mElodea canadensis#m 7ww #mCeratophyllum demersum#mdw.w #mBrasenia schreberi#m  [wwOwww wxw& oKoiwowww!w*wEw3w=@Ww<w?iwNwOpenwaterlist`w{ww'w ww w wwvaluable aesthetic resource important to municipalities and to property values.wwboth game and nongame fish. Finally, these areas of open water provide awwwdry. Also provided is habitat for spawning beds and nursery areas forwnwwaterfowl production in drought years when other wetlands have becomewwdeep-water wetlands results in their being especially important for jwwduring migration. The permanent to semi-permanent water regime of thesewawinvertebrates provide food for waterfowl which is especially importantwwinvertebrates. For example, the submergent plants and aquatic fw wwaterfowl, terns, furbearers, fish, frogs, turtles, and aquatic w]w Shallow, open water communities can provide important habitat for wwwemergent aquatic vegetation cannot become established.bwwmarshes in that they are seldom, if ever, drawn down. As a result, wYw Shallow, open water communities differ from deep and shallow  w wweffects of the season, wind, and availability of nutrients.Uwwa lake. Floating vegetation may or may not be present depending upon thewLwfrom a one-quarter-acre pond, to a long oxbow of a river or shallow bay of wwcoontail, and duckweeds characterize this wetland type. Size can vary c w waquatic vegetation including pondweeds, water-lilies, water milfoil,  wZ wof less than 6.6 ft. (2m). Submergent, floating and floating-leaved  w w Shallow, open water plant communities generally have water depths   wh wV w -- Shallow Open Water -- _ w  w& w ww wf w w w w w w w@ w wjf wn w w w@ wOf7 w[ w. wfR wm wI w? wd w? wv wf w w w% wr w w w w w w w@ w wOf w wW w w3 w$@N w* wfE w< w{! w` wi w w'{ w w w w wopen w w' w w w w w wjf wn w w w ww   wA w& wKf8 w\ w/ wfS wn wJ wShallow Open Water we wOf w w wf w w w? w w? w wj w' w+w w"wfwwwwsw fjwwaww