2.3507/26/9310:05:47Copyright (C) 1991 Knowledge Garden Inc.fong This section contains a catalog of wetland plants categorized$wgg/ ggwgggg) ggwg ggg ggwg gg? gH g~clearu g6 gl gqc gwZ g g gQ g; g g g g g@ g g:@ g gchoseno g g No  g) g gnobutton g g g g_ gFV gz gh g@ gq g$@ g gchoseyes g gYes g gM gyesbutton gI gD g@ g g g g Are you sure? g|7 g gv g gm g/ gd gc [ g8 gR g g   g g gq g g g   gA  g  g\  g`  g g gQuit Wetland Electronic Herbarium3 g g$@E g* gD@ g< g` g@ gW g{ g@ gr g  gZ gBi g gN g g4@ g g g@ g ga gZ gB g gV  g/ g gWin& g~ g;  g g- w g gn gwA gg g+g g? g g g?g g>@g ggokgw"g!o goFgagOg Provides the bibliography of this program.gXg#fwhite Bibliography-#d_ ggg terms found in the herbarium.gg This section contains a list definitions for wetland and plantBgg#fwhite Glossary-#dD 9gog]g of information will be given about the plant.gfg by the habitat which the plant grows in. Also, various typesggnwvo "Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United#fwhite Electronic Herbarium Wetland Plant Guide-#d-woo Gives a discussion on Wetlands for the user to view.oo#fwhite Wetland Tutorial-#d oo qoo Provides the purpose of this program. oho#fwhite Purpose Statement-#dooo who have contributed toward this project.oo Displays the title screen with author's name and those doo#fwhite Introduction-#d[oooo#tWetland Electronic Herbarium.oo#tHere is an explanation of the five main choices of theoo|o=gNo4gEo<o3o{o*oroioc `ooWoooooh ooo oooo<@ooR@eooo@\oo8o<@So/o JoBAoZ&oo oo@owooR@ooaoBoZonoV oooooo~owo g oao- XooOoow|owso"o'ojooo]ooooooJ@oo@'o obibreturnBooReturn to Main Menu9oofowowo_ ooo Nebraska.oo Soil Conservation Service. Midwest Nional Techincal Center, Lincolnoo"Midwestern Wetland Flora: Field Office Guide to Plant Species." USDA_ otobo Washington D.C. 1988.oko the National Wetlands Policy Forum." The Conservation Foundation,oo"Protecting America's Wetlands: An Action Agenda: The Final Report of _ oCo1o Washington D.C. 1990.go:o Impacts." U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service,o^oSalvensen, David. "Wetlands: Mitigating and Regulations; Development _ o o o Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington D.C. 1990.c o o"Wetlands: Meeting the President's Challenge." U.S. Department of the_ Z o o o Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington D.C. April 1989. o o"National Wetlands Priority Conservation Plan." U.S. Department of theD  oq o_ o G.P. Butan's Sons, New York. 1963. oh oRickett, Harold W. "The New Field Book of American Wild Flowers." _  o o o and Wildlife Service, Washington D.C. 1988.@ o o Wetlands: National SUmmary." U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish o7 oReed, Porter B. Jr. "National List of Plant Species that occure in _  o o o Houghton Mifflin Co, Boston. 1968.! o o Wildflowers of Northeastern and Northcentral North America." r o oPeterson, Roger T. and McKenny, Margaret. "A Field Guide to D i o o o University Press, Ithaca. 1972. o oMaenscher, Walter C. "Aquatic Plants of the United States." Cornell_  oJ o8 o Nostrand Co, New York. 1950.w oA oFenald, Merritt L. "Gray's Manual of Botany." 8th ed. D. Vann o o o St. Paul District. Dec 1987. o o Communities of Minnesota and Wisconsin. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers,Xo oEggers, Steve D. and Reed, Donald M. "Wetlands Plants and Plant _ Oooo Washington D.C. 13pp.oo 1980's. U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service,'ooDahl, Thomas E. 1990. "Wetlands: Losses in the U.S.; 1780's to _ oooo Washington D.C. 1979.oxo States." U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service,oovwQxw cog?woCowardin, Lewis M., Carter, Virginia, and Golet, Francis C. 6ww~w Sources used in the Wetland Electronic Herbarium.w|wowxowwww;ww2ww)wc  wwwwVwzw_wh qwwhw wwwSources used in the Wetland Electronic Herbariumww9@wwR@[www@Rw w.w9@Iw%w @wB7wZwwwvw@wmwwR@wwawBwZwdwV wwMwbibwwDww~wwwo% wrw`wglossary- WwwNwww{wwwgloss3.ckbv ww ww!w w wz- w8ww/wbw&wwwJwwwAwwnw?ewwww?ww?Twowwwbutton2\wwwSwwD  www#x5Region3w+ww#x3so far are:Fw"w#x3 The only regions that have been completed =w|wwwwwwbwwwwwwbwwc wkwwPw w0wwh 'wKww Bw9wfwTw(@xw]wQ@woww@www(@ww wBwZw>www@5wwwQ@,wwa#wBwZwwV GwbwwTextYwwwwHw}wwtwww www- wwwww wwLw w- Cw ww:ww w- wUw"www w- ww=ww$ w w-  wwXw wl w w- c w- wswZ w w w-  wu ww w w w-  w ww wD w w- ; w ww2 w w w-  wM wwz w w w-  w ww w% w wr3start-  w7 w ww w. wm w[ wregion3.ckbv wR w~concat wI w~load ww@ w w w-  w w0w w! w wnotdone-  w wKw w{ wr w wi w- ` w* w wW w w witem w w w w,@ w w>@8 w w w.@/ w w & wB ww w wS w.@n wJ wae wB\ w wA wLoading w wfw w w w~list_boxow wBw wQuit to Main Menuw wRegion C"w wRegion H=wwRegion AXw4wRegion 0swOwRegion 9wjwRegion 8wwRegion 7wwRegion 6wwRegion 5wwRegion 4wwRegion 30w wRegion 2Kw'wRegion 1fw wregions]ww ww wwwawww?ww?wwHw|w u uspicl~wu)lc c2Z  h r  V )Herb  wzzherbariuma- qhw."@@To % D  IRm[#t allow you to select the plant to view. d#t window with a discussion of the wetland topic and then will #t appear for you to choose from. Then, this program will open aN#t by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service), a list of wetlands willE#t After selecting one of the 13 regions of the U.S. (as defined#e @87/&e\Sc JAh  (@Q@O@F""@= 4B+Zj@aQ@|aBZsXV wHerbtext;0nB0herbarium- 'of~]wT K- x kY,.@>#? 5 GPbo#t#tWyoming}tWyoming:CLgU.@y^? p 1 ( #tprohibits all others, such as dredge and fill. #tpermits certain activities such as recreation and forestry, and c  #tThe ordinance includes a shoreland-wetlands zoning district, which Z #t1000 feet from lake or pond and 300 feet from river or stream.   #tadopt a state-approved zoning ordinance for shorelands, defined asV  #tWisconsin's Shoreland Management Program requires each county toM   #t#tWisconsin |  Wisconsin  . 7 @ [ I .@m R ? d  v  %     D   #twater-quality certification under Section 401 of the Clean Water Act.!  #tgenerally relies on federal regulation under Section 404 and state i  r #t#tWest Virginia{ |     West Virginiaw e    8 & .@J / ? A  S \  n    #tmarket value of under $2,500).  #tlocal approval needed for very small projects (e.i., projects with a" #tlocal governments, with final approval required by the state. Only s#twith tidal areas and over large streams and lakes. Permits issued by j#tfocus of the act, the state has jurisdiction over wetlands associated'#tin waters of the state, including wetlands. Although not the main x#tUnder its Shoreline Management Act, the state regulates developmento#t#tWashington| #twetlands. Coastal wetlands are more stringently regulated thatclu~.@?  d[#tand policies for evaluating wetlands development proposals.D#tthe state's Wetland Zoning Ordinance. The act provides standards;#tPermits issued either by state or by local governments that adopt#tRegulates activities in coastal wetlands under the Wetlands Act.@.#t#tVirginia 7|RVirginia*.@?  !4+WE#tand aesthetics.{N#tvalues such as flood control, water quality, wildlife habitat, r#tauthorized to regulate activities that threaten state-protected#testablishes allowable uses in those wetlands. The board is n#tsignificance" and, instead of requiring permits, the board e#tThe state Water Resources Board designates "wetlands of state #t#tVermont |"<mj3Vermont.@?  |osf o'09TB#t#tUtahK=Utah,.@?  #D GPoYbkt#t#tTexas |}>x5Texas^L .@1? ( :CU  y#twetlands. Most agricultural activities exempt.#tQuality Control Act. No development allowed in outstanding  #tto "waters of the state," including wetlands, under its Water l  #tNo specific wetlands act, but the state regulates any alterationc   #t#tTennessee | p gTennessee  ; D M h V .@z _ ? q    2  R ) I      o   %  #t#tSouth Dakota  |@     South Dakota       .@  ?          a3 N < #tby the state.i E #tcoastal waters and tidelands. Freshwater wetlands unregulated  ` #t(dredge, fill, drain, etc.) in "critical areas," which include   #tUnder its coastal Management Act, the state regulates activities e S #t#tSouth Carolina\ | * [  ! South CarolinaXF   .@+? " 4= O  D s| #tthree acres or marshes under one acre).  #tprogram exempts small freshwater wetlands (i.e., swamps under ]#tcategories and identifies permitted uses in each. Freshwater T#tfreshwater wetlands. Coastal program establishes six wetlands #twetlands program applies to wetlands of 12.4 acres and larger,-H$Washington#tThe state regulates development in both coastal and freshwater #t#tRhode Island|j VaRhode Islandz.@?  qrhi#t"important" wetlands. Exemptions for cutting vegetation.[ #tor enlarging wetlands. Regulations are more stringent for R#tencroachment on bodies of water, which includes draining, filling,#tUnder its Dam Safety and Encroachments Act, the state regulatesN<#t#tPennsylvaniaE|`)Pennsylvania8&.@ ?  /eS#tprotection.\#tcorporate statewide planning goals, which include wetlands w#tinland and coastal wetlands. In addition, local governments in #tremove any material from "waters of the state," which includej#tUnder its Fill and Removal Act, a permit is required to fill or a#t#tOregon|J{AOregon9BKfT.@x]? o 0,'#D o#t#tOklahoma|bOklahoma.@?  }- t$  #twetlands alterations permitted by the Corps .^#tpolicy" under its water-quality standards requires mitigation for U#tNo specific wetlands protection program. Ohio's "antidegradation #t#tOhio | 5c Ohio  ~     .@  ?     u  I l @   #tone-for-one basis.;  #tor more. Requires replacement of drained wetland on a  2 #trequired to drain a wetland within a watershed of 80 acres z #tWetlands program focuses on agricultural drainage. Permits  %  #t#tNorth Dakota |7  6   North Dakota       .@  ?          < * #testuaries, and floodplains within the coastal zone. 3 #tin areas of environmental concern, which include wetlands, { #tArea Management Act, the state also regulates development   #tor excavate tidal wetlands. In addition, under its Coastal\  #tUnder its dredge and fill act, a permit is required to fillS   #t#tNorth Carolina | ! R  North Carolina4=FaO.@sX? j |+"#tprogram, but few have. Agricultural exemptions.#tLocal governments can assume administration of freshwater ] #tthan 12.4 acres are covered if of "unusual local importance." T#tall of which the state has mapped. Freshwater wetlands of less  c6usregionQ#tfreshwater and tidal wetlands. Generally, the freshwaterH#tUnder a variety of laws, the state regulates development in#t#tNew York| DNew Yorkhqz.@?  _RVIo .#t#tNew Mexico%@New Mexico.@?  8/3N<#tprogram.iE#tFreshwater wetlands program similar, but broader than the 404`#tRegulates development in both freshwater and coastal wetlands.#t#tNew Jersey |&*[n!New Jersey.@?  _ +#twetlands. Regulations stricter for coastal wetlands.s"#tPermit required for any alteration of coastal or freshwater j#t#tNew Hampshire|A0New HampshireT]fo.@x?  K>B5o#t#tNevada,tNevada.@?  }(#tClean Water Act. oU^gp#t#tNebraskay#e  GNebraska~ l   $ ? - .@Q 6 ? H  Z c  u       ' o     #t#tMontana |  D  Montana  _ h q  z .@  ?     V  [ M R     o   7 % #t#tMissouri. |I     Missouri!       .@  ?          N < #tconstruction in coastal wetlands. Many activities are exempt. E #tRegulates dredging, dumping, filling, destruction of flora, and    #t#tMississippi | 3 d S * Mississippi  w     .@  ?     n  e  #texempts agricultural drainage.=#toutright, such as filling wetlands for a parking lot. Generally4#tareas and over 2.5 acres in cities. Certain uses prohibited #tcattail marshes, and open water marshes over 10 acres in rural0#tWaters and Wetlands Permit Program. Regulates lakes, ponds, '#tPermits required for any work in wetlands, under its Protectedx#t#tMinnesota|& Q Minnesotau~.@?  lc#tGenerally exempts agriculture and recreation.V#tdevelopment in wetlands under a variety of programs. M#tThe only state to "assume" the federal 404 program. Regulates#t#tMichigan| $RMichiganv.@?  md#tboth freshwater and coastal wetlands.E#tRegulates activities (removal, fill, dredge, and alteration) in <#tWetlands program administered by local conservation commissions.#t#tMassachusetts| %SMassachusettsw.@?  ne#tfor nontidal wetlands.4#tagriculture and forestry. Established a no net loss policy +#tfreshwater wetlands. Both programs generally exempt |#tremoval, alteration, destruction of plants, grading) in #tthe other regulating a wide variety of activities (such as ] #tTwo programs: one regulating dredge and fill or tidal wetlands,T#t#tMaryland|&Maryland5>GbP.@tY? k },Z #Q #tcoastal wetlands.#testablish setbacks for developments along freshwater andC#twetlands under 10 acres exempt. Also, local governments :#tresources," including coastal and inland wetlands. Freshwater#tPermits required for activities that affect "protected natural 6 $ #t#tMaine- |H  Maine       .@  ?       @  7 D 2  V ; #t(dredge and fill) in coastal wetlands. M #tstate and/or local permits required for activities  #tUnder its State and Local Coastal Resources Management Act,   #t#tLouisiana |. ) c v  Louisiana       .@  ?         {  ! * o3 < E ` N #t#tKentuckyW |r  I   KentuckyJ 8      .@  ?   & /  A    e n w  o     #t#tKansas | \  S Kansas+4=XF.@jO? a s|"cZ#tintroduced to legislature.#twetlands, primarily prairie potholes. Wetlands protection billK#tacquistion program by which state purchases and restores B#tNo specific wetlands protection program. Has active wetlands #t#tIowa#tNo specific wetlands protection program. However, this state c~l.@u?  ul#tAct of 1911.#tactivities in floodways under its Rivers, Lakes and StreamsM#tNo specific wetlands protection program. Regulates some D#t#tIllinois|$Illinoisv%.I7.@[@? R dm o#t#tIndiana|NIndianair{.@?  `eW\' o&A/#t#tIdaho8|S!Idaho".@?  =XF#tconstruction.sO#tEstablishes shoreline setbacks of between 2 and 40 feet for newj#tPermits required from county coastal mangagement authorities. #tetc.) in the coastal zone under its Coastal Zone Management Act.f #tRegulates development (dredging, removal, grading, construction,]#t#tHawaii|4n+Hawaii5>GbP.@tY? k },##tunder its Coastal Marshlands Protection Act. #tRegulates activities (dredge, fill, and drain) in salt marshesgU#t#tGeorgia^|yGeorgiaH 6  .@  ?   $ - ?   u c #tand coastal wetlands. l #tRegulates activities (dredge and fill) in both freshwater   #t#tFlorida | Z D Q Florida  _ h q  z .@  ?     V   M    #tprotection law.  #tin tidal wetlands. Delaware is developing a freshwater wetlandsm  #tit forbids construction of private, nonwater-dependent projects d #tfilling, bulkheading, etc., under its Wetlands Act. Essentially  #tRegulates activities in coastal wetlands, including dredging, i W #t#tDelaware` |{     DelawareS A      .@&  ?   / 8  J   n #tlocal governments and most agricultural activities exempt. w #tconstruction. All wetlands mapped. Program administered by #tinland wetlands, including dredging, removal, fill, anda#tPermit required for just about any alteration of coastal or X#t#tConnecticut|e  \ Connecticut9BKfT.@x]? o 0'o#mArizona#m #x15#mKansas#m #x35#mNew Hampshire#m #x55#mTennessee#m~#t#tColorado#Coloradoz )2M;.@_D? V hq#tCommission).#tregulated by BCDC (San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development7#tin the coastal zone, except around San Francisco Bay, which is .#tStatewide Coastal Commission regulates all development activities#t#tCalifornia#<California`ir{.@?  WN#tstate water-quality certification under Section 401 of the \ #tgenerally relies on federal regulation under Section 404 andS#t#tArkansas#Arkansas=FOjX.@|a? s 4>+5 #tClean Water Act.'#tstate water-quality certification under Section 401 of theo#tgenerally relies on federal regulation under Section 404 and f#tNo specific wetlands protection program. However, this state#t#tArizona#,tArizona,@?  }1#tCoastal Management Act. Federal lands exempt.p(#tRegulates activities in its coastal zone under the state g#t#tAlaska# G Alaska  6 ? H c Q .@u Z ? l Goingback ~ Go Back -   $      #tor damage flora and fauna.)  #tactivities (dredging, dumping, etc.) that alter tidal movementz  #tPermits required under its Coastal Area Management Act forq   #t#tAlabama  #  %  Alabama@ n - 7 m . d [ wR  I   w  v `  N  5@3   @*   $@!  a B Z T o< E  W m d{   #mIndiana#m #x15#mMontana#m #x35#mRhode Island#m  #mIdaho#m #x15#mMissouri#m #x35#mPennsylvania#m&  #mHawaii#m #x15#mMississippi#m #x35#mOregon#m #x55#mWyoming#m  #mGeorgia#m #x15#mMinnesota#m #x35#mOklahoma#m #x55#mWisconsin#M w #mFlorida#m #x15#mMichigan#m #x35#mOhio#m #x55#mWest Virginia#m= #mDelaware#m #x15#mMassachusetts#m#x35#mNorth Dakota#m #x55#mWashington#m4#mConnecticut#m #x15#mMaryland#m #x35#mNorth Carolina#m #x55#mVirginia#m#mColorado#m #x15#mMaine#m #x35#mNew York#m #x55#mVermont#mK#mCalifornia#m #x15#mLouisiana#m #x35#mNew Mexico#m #x55#mUtah#mB#mArkansas#m #x15#mKentucky#m #x35#mNew Jersey#m #x55#mTexas#m Both tidal and inland wetlands are areas of great diversity|Iowa~#mAlaska#m #x15#mIowa#m #x35#mNevada#m #x55#mSouth Dakota#m u#mAlabama#m #x15#mIllinois#m #x35#mNebraska#m #x55#mSouth Carolina#mM; Wetlands: Mitigating and Regulating Development Impacts. 1991. DSource:  U.S. states with their Wetland programs. Here is a chance for you to get a glance of the |r  i - c n *N3h Ei< `Wr9@{R@@9@ BZ\@S /R@J&aAB8ZV e!wvM Statelist1- 4+"c  OsXh ja |State Policies9@R@0@'9@ B ZK@BfR@]axBoZT9V F= w,5>YG2@kP?!b=t}#  accounted for about 8% of the losses.clearing of inland wetlands for farming; urban development only Ldevelopment. The vast majority of the losses were due to draining and CU.S. were converted to other uses, such as agriculture, mining, and acres of wetlands - over twice the size of New Jersey - in the continentalQ last two centuries. According to the USFWS, approximatedly 11 million  H (USFWS) that over 50% of U.S. wetlands have been destroyed during the    Well, it has been estimated by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service  _ M  V h q #z   ?  0     0 c  7   .  %      R v [ h m  d       9@  R@!   @   9@    B Z   < @{ 3 W R@r N ai B` ZE * V  0I   @ Why should wetlands be protected?8  ?/  &  e  \ DS wJ  A   ww  +n XF    U@ ?+answer2="Go back4 O s| sometimes used in tertiary treatment of wastewater. excess nutrients and any chemical contaminants. They are Wetlands contribute to improving water quality by removing] #fwhite O. Water quality - #dT enjoyment. and beauty and provide open space for recreational and visual  lZ#fwhite N. Open space and aesthetic values -#dQ opportunities for nature observation and scientific study. Tidal, coastal, and inland wetlands provide educational2#fwhite M. Education and research -#d)q_ which served as sources of fish and shellfish.h settlements were located in coastal and inland wetlands,  Some wetlands are of archaelogical interest. Indian @#fwhite L. Historic and archaelogical values - #d7v removal. source of timber, despite the physical problems of timber Under proper management, forested wetlands are an important 3#fwhite K. Timber production -#d*iW harvesting of marsh vegetation and aquaculture.` inland wetlands have unrealized food production potential for  Because of their high natural productivity, both tidal and A#fwhite J. Food Production - #dn8 e ground and surface water supplies. surface water with the growth of urban centers and dwindling " Wetlands are increasingly important as a source of ground ands#fwhite I. Water supply - #dA j observing wildlife. Wetlands serve as recreation sites for fishing, hunting, and#fwhite H. Recreation - #d K9 lands.]B although wetlands constitute only about 5% of the nation's T are either located in wetlands areas or are dependent on them, Almost 35 percent of all rare and endangered animal species>#fwhite G. Habitat for rare and endangered species - #d5 } of waterfowl, other birds, mammals, reptiles, and amphibians. nesting, feeding, and predator escape habitats for many formsU Both coastal and inland wetlands provide essential breeding,L#fwhite F. Habitat for waterfowl and other wildlife -#d shellfish industries, particularly in coastal areas.6  sources of nutrients for commercial and recreational fin and  -  Wetlands are important spawning and nursery areas and provide ~ #fwhite E. Fish and shellfish -#d    reducing erosion and causing flood waters to release sediment._   Wetlands reduce flood flows and the velocity of flood waters, V #fwhite D. Sediment control -#d    release it to downstream areas, lowering flood peaks..   Inland wetlands may store water during floods and slowlyv % #fwhite C. Flood storage - #dm    before they reach upland areas.   lakes and rivers reduce the impact of storm tides and waves!   Coastal Wetlands and those inland wetlands adjoining largeri  #fwhite B. Barriers to waves and erosion - #d`    downstream points.   natural floodways that convey flood waters from upstream to   Riverine wetlands and adjacent floodplain lands often form e  #fwhite A. Flood conveyance -#d\     Forum.   The Final Report on the National Wetlands Policy  Source: Protecting America's Wetlands: An Action Agenda:aO Here is a list of wetland functions in specific wetlands.X|j aserve- B?9D0'o fD]c TKVx2h $wetlands. Even the names we gave wetlands, like the Great Dismal Swamp u@l4@ BZ~ ~@@R@aBZV )Dquestion2;What unique functions do wetlands serve??0 wI@7w._!%?0E35@4@!answer1o*<`iar{#x4perform all of the above values above or perform them equally well.#x4location and human modification. Also, wetlands do not necessarily/#x4Wetlands functions and values vary according to wetland type, &w#x4 6. And, Research and education. =#x4 5. Outdoor Recreation.s4#x4 4. Flood, Erosion and Storm damage reduction.j#x4 3. Water Quality improvement.#x4 2. Surface and Groundwater supply. K#x4 1. Fish and Wildlife habitat.B #x4including:#x4Iowa cornfields. Wetlands provide for important public values #x4ecosystems and can out-produce even the most groomed and pamperedY#x4 Wetlands comprise one of Earth's most productive naturalP|WN?0(0c  gC^:UL 1  h   9@R@Q  @H  $ 9@?   6 B- Z  l @ c  R@ ~ a B Zu Z V  0y R pWhat exactly are wetlands good for?_ M Statelista- D  ;  z wq   h  n -      w  E    I R [ v d @@ m 4@  list  Continue to next topic @  r 7 `    !  @@3  ?E * Continue1 < W  i       #t#t#mWhy should wetlands be protected?#ma   #t#t#mWhat unique functions do wetlands serve?#mA   e 8 #t#t#mWhat exactly are wetlands good for?#ma\    #t#tClick on each on that you want answered.      Well, to get the answers to these questions: a4O=unique functions do wetlands serve? Why should wetlands be protected?Fwere good for us. However, what exactly are wetlands good for? What to something more "useful" before we found out that, like fiber, wetlandsKdreadful wasteland. Wetlands were readily drained, filled, and converted Balong the Virginia-North Carolina border, conjured up images of a gloomy,least periodically saturated with, or covered by water. Water is the4@uQ@R@lprisons, and airports. Most of the nation's major airports were built onin their neighborhood, such as industrial parks, football stadiums, ;ducks, and dumps; a convenient place to put things that nobody else wanted 2retirees in New York. Wetlands were considered good only for mosquitoes,dream about; what charlatans in Florida used to sell to unsuspecting @#tWetlands are what we usually call swamps; the home that muskrats7#t#t- Wetland Values -| { *!c  EiNh `W { r9@R@@ 9@ BZw/@n&JR@eAa\BSZ8V <Wetlandwin j3j- " w(|jWetlandVal0b- aX0w+>n - 0 w foxK@.@  ]tTbK@,@>#WetlandVal0aY5Go OnPkS8 aothers are fragile.to disturbances. Some wetlands are durable and resilient, while 1condition, and dominant vegetation, and each responds differently(coast of southern Florida. Each has a different hydrology, soil yand Louisiana, and mangrove forests that cling tenaciously to the$ New Jersey, extensive bottomland hardwood forests in Mississippi u  marshes carpeted with thick mats of grass in the coastal plain of l prairie potholes that dot the landscape in North Dakota, salt   of the world's biggest marshes. Wetlands also consist of isolatedh  comprised of a river of grass called the Florida Everglades - one  _ broad, shallow, 5,000 square-mile expansion of wetlands that is   small as a half-acre vernal pool in California, or as large as the [   Wetlands usually contain calm, shallow waters and can be asR    presence of different minerals.  wetlands develop characteristic patterns of coloration formed by the<  wetlands consist of a thick layer of dark, oozy, muck, while other  3 regeneration of hydrophytic vegetation. The upper soil layers of some  to develop an anaerobic condition that supports the growth and /  is saturated, flooded, or ponded long enough during a growing season & hydric soils. Hydric soil is soil that, in its undrained condition, w  Wetlands also exhibit characteristic soil types called 4"are used to identify wetlands. a+or "water-loving" plants, such as cordgrass, cattail, or pickerelweed,Xwetlands, but others thrive on it. Indeed, the presence of hydrophytic surface. Most plants cannot survive in the soggy conditions found in]types of plant and animal communities living around and under theTdominant factor determining the nature of soil development and the6Wetland Functionsc-c In general terms, wetlands are lands where the soil is atZ 2 - They contain plants that can tolerate such conditions.  or covered with water and,V 1 - They have a soil that is at least periodically saturatedMall wetlands have two things in common: state between "not quite land" and "not quite water." However, @with deep water. Wetlands are often found in the transitional 7infrequently flooded lands to areas that are constantly floodedstates in which they occur. The range of wetlands is from *and sloughs. They occur in all 50 states and are as varied as the {!and sizes, and go by some very unusual names such as fens, muskegs,r#tNo two wetlands are exactly alike. They come in all shapesa #t#t- Wetland Tutorial -A#e }n?e0w\0c B h   4"9@F+R@=a@X|9@s BZj O@R@aBZV 0Wetlandwin1'of ]wT'K-  wxP},5@>#(@P5GotomainkGMain Menuw b2@(@StatelistWetland Policiesw U.@(@( WetlandVal0CWetland Valuesw :p(@g(@ywetland1Wetlands in Generalw 7 ^.  Click on the topic that you would like to see.6  Q -  next topic" or come back to the "Wetland Menu." H  you will get the opportunity to either "Continue with the   the discussion on wetlands. At the end of each discussion;   Hello. This menu is to provide you the chance to view 2     -- Wetland Menu -- |% d [  R I  @    c v & m     h    r    Wetland Menu  9@*  Q@ ! E @ < ` 9@{ W  r Bi ZN  3  @   Q@  a B Z  V    Wetlandmenu n  w n wetland- e  \  ~ w / i   -   w F =4w+X"O|#t#t#tVersion 2.0s #x3Wetlands and Watersheds Section, USEPA, Region 5  T#tPaul DuBowy - Technical SupervisorK #tDon D. Jones - AGEN Supervisor#tKevin Brewer - AG Specialist$-#tDennis A. Kim - Programer$cQ#x3the development of #fblue Wetland Electronic Herbarium#d are:Z#x3Members of Purdue University that were involved with#j2a) c MVqMainWindowh_ 2@N@.@%2@ B ZI@@dN@[avBmZR7V DTitleWin;<@3 *B!{W$@rNaiB`TEo intro- &w SJAw8/??go1o,4 a particular type of wetland.s+ selected list of prevalent plant species in j 2. Provide the user with a "Wetlands" guide to a  and provide a discussion of the topic.f 1. 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